PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION (PAVM) is an abnormal communication between the PULMONARY artery and the PULMONARY vein. PAVMs are usually congenital in origin. In this study we reported a 32-year-old woman that was referred to the clinic with the chief complain of frequently coughs and hemoptysis for three months. Also, her past medical history revealed that she had a thoracotomy and decortication of the right lung due to clotted hemothorax, about 12 years ago while she had a term pregnancy. CT angiography and spiral CT-scan demonstrated cystic-masses in the right hemithorax. These masses were enhanced like PULMONARY vessels and had feeding artery and evacuator vein. So, three PAVMs were diagnosed in the right lung. The patient underwent right postrolateral thoracotomy. Two of the PAVMs were in the lower lobe which treated by resection but the one in the middle lobe was completely intraparenchymal and it could not be localized during the surgery so the lobectomy of the right middle lobe was performed. 

Vein of Galen aneurysm (VGAM) is a rare vascular MALFORMATION accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial abnormalities. In this case report, we performed computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations for a 26-year-old female patient who presented with a severe headache. On these images, a right thalamo-choroidal ARTERIO-VENOUS MALFORMATION (AVM) with secondary aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen was suspected, and a CT angiography was performed for further evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient refused digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and probable endovascular treatment. Although it is rarely seen in the adult population, CT and MRI have a tremendous impact on the diagnosis of these patients. We should also emphasize the role of CT angiography in the diagnosis and further evaluation of these vascular MALFORMATIONs. Endovascular therapy is regarded as an effective and safe technique in the treatment of these patients.

ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION of head and neck is a rare vascular anomaly but when pre-sent, it is persistent and progressive in nature. It can also represent a lethal benign disease due to massive hemorrhage. There are several indications for treatment including age, location, extension and type of vascular MALFORMATION. Endovascular therapy can effec-tively cure most lesions with limited tissue involvement. Surgery can be used in selected cases in combination with embolization. Here, we present a rare case of ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION of mandible with floating tooth appearance in an 11-year-old boy patient. Given the spectrum of imaging presentations seen and the crossover with other lesions, microscopic histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Introduction: The measurement of ARTERIO-VENOUS (A-V) Fistula Recirculation has important diagnostic implications because the efficiency of haemodialysis (HD) may be limited, resulting in dialysis delivery being less than that prescribed. The purpose of the study is to determine its prevalence and causes in our HD patients.Methods and Materials: We randomly selected 100 end stage renal disease patients with AV fistula that they were on HD more than 3 months. The degree of recirculation was also measured with Urea based two needle technique method. For each patient distances between arterial and VENOUS and distances of needles from fistula and its directions was recorded.Echocardiography and A-V fistula Color Doppler Ultrasound were also performed.Results: Blood flow rate and dialysate flow rate were 300 mL/min and 500 mL/min respectively.The prevalence of A-V fistula recirculation was 17% (17patients).Average degree of recirculation between these patients was 9.56±2.32 %. The most common cause was misplacement and or misdirection of needles (17 patients). The second cause was heart failure with Ejection Fraction>40% (8 patients). No difference was seen between diabetic versus non diabetic (P=0.28) and hypertensive versus normotensive (P=0.21%) HD patients.Conclusions: A-V fistula recirculation is common occurrence in HD patients and the most common cause of recirculation is misplacement and or misdirection of needles so we should have more emphasis on education and training of HD staffs.

This report presents a case of right radial artery pseudoaneurysm complicated by ARTERIO-VENOUS fistula and absence of ulnar artery. The patient had history of deep vein thrombosis 18 months earlier and was receiving oral warfarin anticoagulation therapy. Doppler study and angiography finding showed poor collateral supply to distal arterial bed. The etiology of this complication and its treatment is controversial.